Posted in: Cancer by Dr. Tarang Krishna Posted Date: 21 Nov, 2018
Cancer - a word dreaded by all often heightens our anxiety.
Imagine a future where cancer is lowered to something as trivial as an infection. It’s not impossible. The growth in our knowledge of cancer treatment has led to remarkable progress in cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment. Scientists have learned more about cancer in the last 2 decades than had been learned in all the centuries preceding. With the current cancer research in the 21st century, we try to understand the critical abnormalities which distinguish cancer cells from normal cells and hence figure a way to target those cells.
Under the normal circumstances, the cells grow and divide just enough to replace the daily losses. Think of it as a thermostat with perfect climate control. In the case of cancer however, the thermostat is broken. The temperature continues to climb — or in the case of cancer, the cells keep growing and growing, forming a tumor. The problem for scientists is figuring out which part of ‘the thermostat’ has broken. That is where we were a few years back.
As we enter this new era of targeted cancer therapies, it is most likely that the new treatments will have a narrow spectra of activity. This is because each cancer is driven by unique abnormalities or a combination of them. Thus, we need to first identify the precise abnormality which drives the growth of each cancer so that it can be targeted with a drug.
For the future, we need to learn how the response of current cancer treatment will last or whether we can improve responses by adding other agents, and if we can predict in advance how certain patients will respond to the treatment. The goal is to tailor therapy to individual patients.
As we look back on the 1900s, infections went from being the most common cause of death of individuals to being treatable. Meanwhile, cancer went from being the eight most common cause of death to the second most common. The eradication of infections has resulted from improved sanitation methods, specific therapies, and vaccines. The task to successfully treat cancer in the 21st century is to follow the same approach: prevention, specific therapies, and vaccines.
There is currently a huge amount of drive and optimism in cancer research. Although there is much work to be done, there is much reason for hope.